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The future of the psychology of sport performance (part 2 )

Da quanto detto nel blog precedenteemerge con evidenza che la preparazione psicologica o mental coaching consiste nell’applicazione di un programma strutturato, che richiede specifiche competenze da parte dello psicologo dello sport e che ha come scopo ultimo quello di aiutare l’atleta/team a migliorare le proprie prestazioni sportive. Ci si riferisce, quindi, a un programma di allenamento sistematico e costante di abilità psicologiche e atteggiamenti mentali che si distinguono fra quelli di base e quelli di livello avanzato.

I primi non sono di pertinenza di un singolo sport ma sono competenze trasversali che riguardano il dialogo positivo con se stessi, l’abilità  a imparare dalle esperienze, le ripetizioni mentali e l’autocontrollo. Sono abilità che dovrebbero essere insegnate a partire dall’adolescenza, sono indipendenti dal livello di competenza dell’atleta e una volta apprese potranno essere utilizzate durante ogni forma di prestazione sia essa scolastica o lavorativa. I secondi, invece, riguardano lo sport praticato. Infatti, la concentrazione, i processi decisionali, il pensiero tattico, la gestione dello stress agonistico o la pianificazione della gara variano notevolmente in funzione delle richieste poste dalle singole discipline. Riguardano, pertanto, quegli atleti che svolgono un’attività agonistica significativa o di alto livello.

Lo sviluppo di queste competenze psicologiche non può avvenire solo attraverso l’allenamento fisico, tecnico e tattico ma viene raggiunto attraverso programmi di allenamento mentale che hanno lo scopo d’insegnarne l’uso e di ottimizzarlo.

Un ulteriore sviluppo di questa attività riguarda i nuovi orientamenti del processo di coaching, laddove se per lungo tempo ha riguardato esclusivamente lo sviluppo delle abilità prestative individuali o di gruppo, da qualche anno si è aperta una nuova fase rappresentata dal coaching sui valori. Lo scopo a stimolare la consapevolezza del significato della propria attività, attraverso la conoscenza e lo sviluppo dei propri valori, aspettative e abitudini. E’ un processo centrato sullo sviluppo non più solo della prestazione ma dell’essere umano nel suo complesso nelle differenti fasi della carriera sportiva. Frodi sportive, abuso di farmaci e doping, annullamento della vita sociale e affettiva per favorire solo il successo sportivo sono aspetti che limitano lo sviluppo degli atleti identificandoli solo come performer a discapito di altri aspetti indispensabili della vita e che li pongono in una condizione di subire pressioni negative e illecite. Il coaching orientato ai valori è un approccio originato dal concetto di psicologia positiva sviluppato da Martin Seligman, che fornisce ai singoli individui ma anche alle organizzazioni sportive che volessero percorrere questa strada un ruolo nuovo, centrato sulla responsabilità sociale individuale e sull’utilizzo di strumenti per sviluppare individui responsabili dello svolgimento del proprio presente e futuro.

Il mental coach dunque il consulente esperto nello sviluppare e condurre a termine questi programmi, che nel nostro contesto nazionale si concretizza nello psicologo con laurea specialistica e un percorso di formazione professionale in psicologia dello sport. Infine, la preparazione psicologica riguarda non solo gli atleti ma anche gli allenatori che svolgono una funzione di leadership e di guida psicologica in tutti gli sport sia individuali che di squadra. Sono gli atleti a gareggiare ma la qualità della loro prestazione viene forgiata in allenamento, che è una situazione centrata sull’interazione fra coach e atleta e squadra, del cui valore di questo rapporto sono tutti pienamente consapevoli. Tanto è vero che una ricerca particolarmente significativa, poich. condotta su un numero molto ampio di atleti (n = 817) che hanno fatto parte della squadra olimpica statunitense nel periodo 1984-1998, ne ha evidenziato la funzione indispensabile, attraverso le parole degli atleti, consapevoli che il loro successo era stato favorito in notevole misura dalla interazione con allenatori eccellenti (Ricvald, Peterson, 2003).

Avere sottolineato l’importanza della persona-allenatore eccellente e non solo del programma-eccellente permette di porre l’accento sulla componente esistenziale del ruolo di allenatore, intesa come fattore fondante questo rapporto accanto a quella pi. squisitamente tecnica-professionale. Analogamente l’attività di coaching svolta con gli allenatori nello sviluppo delle loro competenze psicologiche ha permesso di evidenziare che le aree psicologiche in cui desiderano migliorare riguardano principalmente: le abilità interpersonali, la fiducia in se stessi e in misura minore i processi decisionali. Lo psicologo dello sport può quindi svolgere un ruolo chiave nel supportare l’allenatore attraverso un supporto, naturalmente quando richiesto, al suo sviluppo professionale e personale continuativo.

The of the psychology of sport performance (part 1 )

Sorry, this entry is only available in Italiano.

Physical training and psychology

As I wrote yesterday about the relationship between psychology and physical preparation, my talk today and the collaboration of the participants provided additional food for thought.

Physical trainers are aware of the relevance of psychology and their initial curiosity referred to how psychological dimensions such as motivation and self-esteem can be influenced by them to enhance their work. What emerged from their words was the difficulty of coaching young people, who seem not to be satisfied with explanations but require to see themselves through videos made with their cell phones to understand how to improve.

It was not very evident how the physical preparation exercises include in themselves the training of psychological skills such as attention and toughness.
In summary, it is my understanding that in their view psychological dimensions, as well as training, influence the quality of the exercise performed. Less evident is the perception that the exercises performed at the same time serve the function of training specific psychological skills.

The latter is a topic that is little addressed, even by psychologists, and that should have strong reinforcement in the future.

IJSP 2° Special Issue: 50° Anniversary

2° SPECIAL ISSUE 1970-2020

50 YEARS OF THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT PSYCHOLOGY

Guest Editors: Sidonio Serpa, Fabio Lucidi, Alberto Cei

Fifty years with the International Journal of Sport Psychology. 

From the history of sport psychology to its actual pathways

ALBERTO CEI, FABIO LUCIDI, SIDÓNIO SERPA

Fifty years after its appearance as the very first journal specifically com- mitted to sport psychology, the International Journal of Sport Psychology (IJSP) is today a well reputed and well established scientific journal. Aimed at both researchers and practitioners, the papers published are often not just of academic interest, but also have practical applications too.

After the first special issue looking back at the history of sport psychology, with this second issue we are interested to reflect about contemporary sport psychology and the actual role of the IJSP as a peer reviewed journal publishing and circulating research findings and theoretical speculation from sport psychologist over five continents (both scientists and practitioners) to learn from and build upon.

The aim of this second special issue is than to underline how the historical background showed in the previous issue leaded sport psychology toward actual pathways, focusing on some new trends of research, as well as on the reorientation of some classic topics according to the society changes. Through the contribution of some invited scholars, the present issue would make a point trying to understand what changes sport psychology is facing, or has to face, in relation to some main issues.

Youth sport research: Describing the integrated dynamic elements of the personal assets framework

JEAN CÔTÉ, JENNIFER TURNNIDGE, ALEX MURATA, CAILIE S. MCGUIRE and LUC J. MARTIN

This critical review of the youth sport literature provides a guiding framework to inform future studies and interventions aimed at understanding or manipulating mechanisms proposed to explain youth athlete development. A global vision of ath- lete development is presented through the interactions of three dynamic elements: (1) appropriate settings, (2) quality social dynamics, and (3) personal engagement in activities. These elements are further broken down into individual layers, extending proximally to distally with layers positioned closest to an athlete having the most immediate impact. Given the correct arrangement, these dynamic elements work in concert to foster immediate, short-term, and long-term outcomes related to develop- ment in sport. We provide a detailed description of each dynamic element and include example literature associated with each of the subsequent layers.

50th years of research on doping prevention. A narrative review of tracks and perspectives.

FABIO LUCIDI and ANDREA CHIRICO

While the use of Performance-Enhancing and Aesthetic Substances (PAES) has been observed for thousands of years, doping has been conceptualized and regulated only in the modern era. The aim of the present study was to review the doping prevention theme in a narrative manner. The theoretical and research considerations presented in this article overall are guided by the assumption that doping behavior partly depends on the dynamic interplay between a set of individual factors, its environment, and the goal that guide the intentional behavior. Relatedly, this article introduces the general hypothesis that these forms interplay between socio-cognitive variables of particular importance in contributing to the scientific understanding of doping use, as they might help accounting for individual differences in doping intentions and doping use. In doing so, there are described theoretical and research frameworks that indirectly support this general view, and subsequently, is addressed the value of a focus on doping research. Finally, there are reported different research programs that have been tried to find empirical support to the hypothesized linkages between intervention, their efficacy and doping use in various sport contexts.

Exercise psychology meets public health: Avenues on health enhancing physical activity

MARLENE N. SILVA, CATARINA S. SILVA and ANTÓNIO L. PALMEIRA

Across its many different forms, physical activity (PA) has multiplicative health, social and economic benefits. Thus, PA promotion, traditionally addressed by the sports and exercise sector, is now being targeted intersectorally, including public health and policy. Developments in evidence regarding the physical and mental health benefits of even light PA, for short periods of time, have facilitated the publication of solid guidelines, but challenge remains on how to promote it. The majority of the evidence uses behavioral-change models typically used in the field of health psychology, applied to all sets of ill-health behaviors. However, given all the specificities of PA related behaviors (not confined to structured exercise), and their potential to be inherently intrinsic for one side, and automatically activated on the other, new approaches and models need to be further explored and tested. This paper aims to reflect on how the advances in exercise psychology and their intersection with health psychology can contribute to public health efforts on addressing the physical inactivity pandemic, while exploring examples from micro and macro level approaches, including an overview of PA promotion models in health care settings and the potential of digital tools in this field.

The psychological aspects of electronic sports: Tips for sports psychologists

SAMUEL GARCÍA-LANZO, IVÁN BONILLA  and ANDRÉS CHAMARRO

Professional competition in the field of videogames, known as electronic sports (esports), is rapidly growing and sport psychologists are considering provid- ing support to optimize performance. However, psychologists doubt whether esports is an activity of their competence and players (gamers) and coaches know little about how psychologists can help them optimize their performance. The aim of this article is to bring information related to esports and to how sports psychology applies to the context of competitive gaming. The paper begins with an overview of video gaming, tracing the evolution from the first recreational games to the international competitions of today. The article goes on to define esports and to discuss the extent to which they can be considered sports. Next, the article discusses the role of the sport psychologist in esports and offers an overview of the psychological issues worthy of special attention in this field. In addition, the article presents a career model applied to esports. Finally, the authors provide some reflections on the psychological factors involved in esports, highlight the possible roles of sport psy- chologists, and suggest possible directions for future research and interventions.

Is culture a (still) useful category of psychological and social analysis?

MICHAEL MCDOUGALL, TATIANA V. RYBA and NOORA J. RONKAINEN

The need to centralize culture in research and practice is now well-established in sport psychology and spans different genres of our discipline. Yet, in spite of some precious gains made in the last decade, the culture concept and the uses of it in sport psychology have already arguably become limited and stifled. Setting this observation within historical patterns of culture study witnessed in other disciplines (e.g., anthropology, cultural studies, organizational management), we offer a theoretical critique that outlines the possibility for the death of culture as a meaningful concept in Organizational Sport Psychology and Cultural Sport Psychology. Subsequently, we argue for the continued usefulness of culture and, how, in spite of many infirmities, it remains an essential concept for the analysis of psychological and social life. For culture to remain intellectually vital in these analyses (and in the development of competent cultural practice) though, it must be positioned differently, and with more theoretical variety and rigor. To support our arguments, we close with 5 (not exhaustive) recommendations that can help to secure the future of culture in sport psychology.

Sport performance interventions: Evaluating past strategies and providing future recommendations

CHRISTOPHER MESAGNO, DENISE M. HILL, KARL STEPTOE  and DANIEL J. BROWN

The purpose of this review is to highlight the emergence and development of psychological interventions that facilitate optimal performance, and propose future directions for applied sport interventions. Within the past 40 years, educational and alternative psychological skills training (PST) strategies (e.g., self-talk, relaxation) have been proposed, and researchers have shown they can be effective in facilitating athletic performance. However, such PST interventions largely promote the removal (or reduction) of unwanted psychological experiences. In contrast, researchers have offered contemporary approaches whereby athletes should be encouraged to increase their capacity to experience unwanted feelings, cognitions, or intentions, rather eliminating them, to increase psychological flexibility for optimal performance. We review this literature and offer future research directions that focus on the use of technology, on-line sport psychology consultancy, and consideration of post-performance assessments, as methods to improve future PST intervention delivery.

Coaching with virtual reality, intelligent glasses and neurofeedback: The potential impact of new technologies

THOMAS SCHACK, JOHN ELVIS HAGAN JR. and KAI ESSIG

The last decades have seen new sport technologies become increasingly important for recording, analyzing, and optimizing athletic performances. Combined with valid and defined diagnostic methods, these techniques have opened new perspectives and opportunities for an individualized and context-sensitive action support for training, competition, daily living management and communication. New technologies do not only allow athletes to reach better training results in a less amount of time, but also allow coaches to get more insights on training processes with more effectiveness. This contribution provides an overview of recent technological advancements in sport psychology and highlights their key characteristics as well as useful applications. Techniques that enrich the physical environment of athletes, such as virtual, augmented, and mixed realities are described with modern and mobile output devices like intelligent glasses. Additionally, explanations on attentional, auditory, and brain-related technologies such as neurofeedback that can help improve the cognitive processes of athletes, and serve as diagnostic and training tools are provided. The contribution concludes with a discussion on the ethical and practical implications of these new technological approaches for sport psychology from a broader perspective.

Serial winning coaches’ competences

The research aimed to try to identify some common qualities and understanding of their personality of serial winning coaches. Of course, the results do not represent a “magic recipe” or an “ideal profile,” but they contribute significantly to forming an empirical basis for improvement in the identification, recruitment and development of coaches.

Fourteen serial winning male coaches of international and Olympic competitions from 11 nations and 10 individual and team sports, average age 55 years, 25 years of experience, and total number of 128 medals won were interviewed. Twenty athletes they coached were also interviewed.

The results obtained are described in the table below and highlight the relevance of the personality of the coach who for the most part shows to be outgoing and scrupulous, open to change and oriented to continuous improvement. It also shows the relevance of competence in social relations and possessing a strong orientation to work culture and the ability to make decisions.

Coach Data

Athlete Data

Personality Traits

Serial Winning Coaches described themselves as:

  • having a very strong work ethic
  • confident
  • being thirsty for knowledge
  • socially competent
  • endorsing a positive approach to problem solving

Athletes described their coaches as:

  • having a very strong work ethic
  • confident
  • knowledgeable
  • socially competent
  • endorsing a positive approach to problem solving

Values & Beliefs

(the way the world should be)

Serial Winning Coaches believed that:

  • coaching should be athlete-centered and holistic
  • coaches must uphold high moral standards
  • sustained success requires an adequate  work-life balance
Athletes thought that their coaches:

  • were athlete- and team-centered
  • upheld very high moral standards
  • valued all involved
  • had an appropriate work-life balance

Key Skills Required to Succeed

  • Effective communication
  • Teaching
  • Planning
  • Managing
  • Decision-Making
  • Relationship building
  • Effective communication
  • Managing
  • Motivating
  • Planning
  • Relationship building
Source: Clifford J. Mallett e Sergio Lara-Bercial (2016). Serial Winning Coaches: People, Vision and Environment. In M. Raab, P. Wylleman, R. Seiler e A.M. Elbe (a cura di), Sporta and exercise psychology research: Theory to practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Coaching Generation Z athletes

Michael Mignano is one of the authors of this article on Generation Z: Gould, D., Nalepa, J., & Mignano, M. (2019). Coaching Generation Z athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology.

Based on the data collected, he recently wrote some recommendations for coaching these young people born since 1996.

The uniqueness of Generation Z lies in the rapid onset of these changes, most likely due to technological advancements that have caught teachers, coaches, and support staff off-guard. So, how can adults work most effectively with Generation Z athletes? The following are suggestions based on empirical research of the topic:

  • Explain the ‘Why.’ With technology and information at their fingertips, Generation Z athletes expect adults to have done their homework. Providing a quick rationale for training methods and practice plans can improve motivation and effort of young people. It also reduces the inevitable ‘why’ questions from both athletes and parents.
  • Communicate Effectively. While face-to-face communication is not a strength of Generation Z athletes, coaches and support staff can challenge young athletes by asking open-ended questions, using text messaging only for logistical communication, practicing face-to-face conversations in team meetings or training, and switching up the methods of communication (i.e., videos, articles, and demonstrations) to aid messaging.
  • Be Direct. With shorter attention spans of Generation Z athletes, coaches and support staff can adapt by making their messages more direct at the start and end of training sessions and during pre-game or half-time speeches.
  • Focus on Quality Over Quantity. Today’s young athletes (and their parents) are more in tune with strength and conditioning techniques as well as injury prevention. Coaches and support staff can assist by being aware of overtraining and burnout symptoms and using periodization principles when scheduling training and competitions.
  • Build Independence. Undoubtedly, Generation Z athletes are more dependent on significant adults than any other cohort in history. By giving athletes some autonomy, choice, and responsibility, coaches and support staff can give them more ownership and develop skills related to independence. For example, providing opportunities for decision making, critical thinking, and accountability can help athletes with personal and professional development.
  • Promote Resiliency. While each generation is considered “softer” than the previous one, Generation Z is known to have heightened difficulties dealing with adversity. Coaches and support staff can create opportunities for athletes to cope with adversity and learn perseverance and resilience. Creating pressure and challenging situations in training, along with teaching appropriate coping strategies, may assist Generation Z athletes with how to better handle competitive and personal setbacks.

While more research is needed on generational differences in today’s athletes, early studies have provided insight into some unique characteristics of Generation Z. Coaches and support staff can benefit from this knowledge and adapt their teaching and coaching philosophies to suit today’s young athletes.

References

Gould, D., Nalepa, J., & Mignano, M. (2019). Coaching Generation Z athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology

Coaching Z generation

Daniel Gould, Jennifer Nalepa & Michael Mignano (2019). Coaching Generation Z Athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32:1, 104-120.

Although it has always been essential that coaches adapt their coaching to athlete characteristics, this may be more important today than ever before as coaches adjust to a new generation of athletes who have grown up in a total digital age, which has had major effects on their characteristics and ways of behaving.

Today’s young athletes represent Generation Z (Gen Z):

  • Youth born after 1996, making up 26% of the U.S. population and 27% of the world population
  • Gen Z youth, they have been influenced by socioeconomic uncertainty (e.g., the global recession of 2008), international terrorism (e.g., 9/11) and natural disasters (e.g., Hurricane Katrina)
  • They are the best-educated generation in history and are the first generation of youth who have grown up in a totally digital environment, which has resulted in Gen Z youth having excellent technology skills
  • At the same time, because of the amount of time they spend on technology, they are thought to have shorter attention spans, the need for frequent feedback, and a lack of independence

Social psychologist Jean Twenge (2017):

  • Today’s youth grow up more slowly (e.g., engage in sex at a later age, hold off longer on obtaining a driver’s license, engage in alcohol consumption later than their millennial predecessors) and are the most protected and safest generation ever but at the same time avoid adult responsibilities such as moving out of the house and becoming financially independent.
  • Growing up in the digital world spend less time in direct contact with their friends and loved ones. This is one reason they have highest ever generational reports of depression, anxiety, and loneliness. Finally, growing up in a highly engaging digital world, Gen Z youth’s attention spans are shorter, and they often multitask even when this may not be effective.

Encel, Mesagno, and Brown (2017) surveyed 298 British athletes to determine both their Facebook use and if Facebook use was related to anxiety. Results revealed that 68% of the athletes used Facebook within 2hr of competition, and time spent on social media was related to the Concentration Disruption subscale of the Sport Anxiety Scale.

At the beginning stages of working with Gen Z athletes, coaches felt that athletes lacked the ability deal with adversity.

Overtime, with structured resilience-building practices, coaches observed an improvement in Gen Z athletes’ abilities to handle adversity. By creating stressful practice situations and coaching athletes through them, Gen Z athletes improved their resiliency.

Athletes did not respond well to negative feedback. Athletes often took negative feedback personally and would get upset when confronted with criticism.

Gen Z athletes show short attention spans. Coaches also found that Gen Z athletes were easily distracted and had difficulty blockling out distractions.

Gen Z athletes were perceived to need structure and boundaries to guide them through their tennis development.

Gen Z athletes were mostly extrinsically motivated by results, material things, and social comparison. Coaches discussed how pressure from parents and coaches served as extrinsic sources that drove players motivation.  In terms of work ethic, most coaches discussed how Gen Z athletes worked hard and had a strong work ethic once on the tennis court.

Gen Z athletes had poor communication skills. Coaches believed that players had difficulty expressing their emotions, were shy and hesitant to speak up, and lacked basic conversational skills (i.e., eye contact).

Coaches also felt that Gen Z players would check what they were told by the coach and were not quick to believe something just because the coach had said it.

Coaches felt that today’s athletes were more educated than in past generations as they had access to an abundance of information online and had excellent technology skills that made finding information easy for them.

Gen Z athletes were perceived to be visual learners, which was discussed as a strength, as coaches were able to incorporate technology as a learning aid during practice and training. Last, coaches felt that athletes were curious and open to learning from coaches through their need to understand the “why” and the connection to performance.

Breathing coaching

These are the topics of my workshop titled:
Development of psychological skills in high potential athletes: 
breathing as a key tool to build mental skills programs
Online European Conference Psychology of Elite Sports Performance - November 21-22, 2020, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
  • Self-control
  • The breathing: a long story
  • Breathing and human basic motivation
  • Breathing during the competitions
  • Breathing and cognitive processes
  • How to improve self-control through breathing
  • The breathing into the training programs
  • The practice

Guidance to cope with the loss of competition

*A guidance report recently produced by the Covid-19 Sport and Exercise Psychology Working Group on behalf of the British Psychological Society’s Division of Sport and Exercise Psychology has highlighted three priority areas with which to support athletes.

  1. Mental health and dealing with uncertainty

With many events and competitions postponed indefinitely, with no certain confirmation of when some will resume, this is likely to cause a significant amount of stress for athletes.

If athletes struggle to cope with stress, over time it is likely to have a negative impact on their mental health, especially if they do not seek support or begin to take proactive measures to manage their well-being.

There are several successful psychological strategies which athletes can use to cope with stress or manage their mental health. These strategies may also be effective to help with the uncertainty caused by coronavirus:

Control the controllable(s):

  • Focus on what is within our control (e.g: exercising and training safely, seeing opportunities for personal development and growth, maintaining physical distancing but maintaining social interactions).
  • Accept that some sources of uncertainty are outside of our control (e.g: when sporting events will be resumed, when physical distancing restrictions will be lifted).
  • Accept that feelings associated with stress and anxiety are normal responses to uncertainty.
  • Maintain a sense of perspective (e.g: given the lockdown restrictions it may not be possible to maintain ‘typical’ levels of fitness).

Athletes tend to prefer ‘problem-focused’ coping strategies. However, this approach may not be effective if the source of stress is outside of our control. Therefore, we recommend that athletes prioritise strategies that cope with what is within their control and learn to accept what is outside of their control.

Focus on our responses to the uncertainty:

  • Practice deep breathing
  • Use relaxing imagery
  • Engage in mindfulness or meditation
  • Listen to music
  • Develop routines to connect with family, friends, team-mates or coaches about how our feelings
  • Write thoughts, feelings, and worries down regularly

When faced with sources of stress outside of our control, it is better to focus on regulating your emotions rather than the uncertainty itself.

Use helpful distractions:

  • Train or exercise (within social distancing guidelines)
  • Take a walk in a green space-where possible (this has been shown to reduce stress levels)
  • Take up a new hobby at home
  • Do an activity with members of your household
  • Watch television (but be wary of repeatedly watching too much Covid-19-related news stories)
  • Take part in a virtual quiz
  • Listen to a podcast
  • Avoid reminders of cancelled sporting events

Research has suggested that, when unable to compete and train with fellow athletes, distraction and avoidance can be an effective way of coping with stress for some sportspeople.

 2. Maintaining social connections

Covid-19 has resulted in great changes to the rhythm of daily life and to how we maintain social connections and have a sense of belonging. Athletes have a strong professional-identity; created, in part, from the time spent within the organisational structure of sport and socialising with other members.

Feeling connected with others and being part of groups that we perceive to be positive and meaningful is beneficial for our psychological health and well-being.

Therefore, it is important for athletes to consider how narrow or wide their social network is in terms of personal and professional relationships, and who they want and need to maintain communication with, within and outside sport:

  • Family members
  • Friends
  • Peers in sport
  • Coaching staff and management

By keeping communication channels open and by scheduling regular connections with key individuals or groups it will be easier to raise difficulties before they become more problematic.

Presently in our work with elite sports teams and individuals we have found the scheduling of online coffee chatrooms is an easy way to maintain communication along with sharing daily hassles and concerns, while also maintaining a sense of fun, and dressing room ‘banter’.

       3. Motivation and goal setting

Many sports people will have begun this year immersed and focused on high-performance goals that may have represented the culmination of years of dedication and commitment.

The impact of coronavirus and the cancellation and suspension of competitions and training means that these goals are no longer a daily presence and driving force; and for many, are now unobtainable this year.

The sudden loss of this opportunity to achieve our goals combined with isolation, restrictions on social movement, exercise and training can lead to significant mental health issues.

Adopting strategies and adjusting or re-engaging in alternative goals can improve well-being through increasing feelings of self-control.

Create a daily structure and alternative goals for well-being:

  • Creating new social networks and maintaining contact
  • Physical well-being, for example sleep patterns, nutrition and Pilates to name a few
  • Personal development such as learning a new skill, or taking up a hobby

Many athletes also find the use of a reflective diary as a useful and effective way to log their progress, but in the current situation such diaries can be used to disclose worries and anxieties.

The act of writing problems down can be an effective technique to help deal with worries and concerns.

Re-adjust and reframe goals

As athletes look to the future they may also want to think about taking some time to define or redefine mastery goals. Mastery goals are those that focus on self-improvement (getting better at a skill, having insight into why improvement occurred), they help maintain motivation and can provide a sense of purpose as we move into the new normal.

Importantly, when we are setting goals, whether these are to structure our day or mastery goals to aid us moving forward, we must remember to be realistic, use our support network to help achieve the goals and don’t be afraid to reach out to our social network for advice and feedback.

Ultimately, the COVID-19 lockdown is an uncertain and stressful time for many people including elite and professional sport performers. The ability to cope with stress, largely depends on our ability to have a flexible mindset along with engaging and adhering to some of the evidence-based principles above.

The present adversity may also offer some an opportunity for reflection and contemplation on work-life balance, life expectations, priorities, and goals.

*This blog was compiled by Dr Jamie Barker, Senior Lecturer in Sport and Exercise Psychology, Loughborough University and the Covid-19 Sport and Exercise Psychology Working Group on behalf of the British Psychological Society’s Division of Sport and Exercise Psychology.

UK sport is recruiting sport psychologists

… ancora una volta lo sport UK mostra che assumere uno psicologo in una squadra olimpica è una cosa seria, richiede competenze specifiche, che solo uno psicologo dello sport ha sviluppato. Sono contro i ciarlatani dello sport, persone non qualificate che spesso lavorano nello sport con il nome di “motivatore” o “mental coach”  ma anche contro il lavoro affidato per clientele personali o familistiche così diffuse nel nostro paese.

Sport Psychologist/Senior Sport Psychologist

 Location: flexible

Salary: £26,266 – £36,988 p.a pro-rata

Contract Type: Permanent

Position Type: Part Time

Interview Date: Tuesday, 10 December 2019

Closing Date: Wednesday 20 November 2019

Questo ruolo guiderà e realizzerà il programma di Psicologia e la strategia di salute mentale per la Boccia UK, fornendo un supporto efficace e mirato alla performance agli atleti e ai loro allenatori. Il supporto massimizzerà l’opportunità di successo ai Giochi Paralimpici, sostenendo gli atleti senior a sviluppare le capacità mentali per vincere a Tokyo. Lo psicologo favorirà lo sviluppo di un ambiente di allenamento e competizione ad alte prestazioni e promuoverà una salute mentale positiva, lavorando a stretto contatto con il Performance Director, Head of Performance Support and Performance Coaches.

COMPITI E ATTIVITÀ PRINCIPALI

  • Lavorare con il responsabile del supporto alla performance, lo psicologo capo e il personale della federazione per migliorare le prestazioni attraverso lo sviluppo, l’implementazione e la valutazione dei servizi di psicologia.
  • Fornire in modo proattivo agli atleti servizi psicologici focalizzati sulle prestazioni, che sviluppino e consolidino comportamenti coerenti in termini di prestazioni attraverso l’uso efficace del supporto psicologico.
  • Fornire servizi psicologici agli atleti per promuovere la salute mentale positiva, migliorare il benessere psicologico e sostenere il benessere degli atleti.
  • Sostenere gli allenatori allineando i servizi psicologici con i programmi di allenamento di questi atleti.
  • Utilizzare l’esperienza nel campo della psicologia per consigliare il Boccia UK Senior Leadership Team sullo sviluppo culturale di Boccia UK WCP.
  • Utilizzare l’esperienza nel campo della psicologia per consigliare il Performance Team sulla costruzione di relazioni di lavoro efficaci con atleti e allenatori.
  • Contribuire con competenze psicologiche a progetti di squadra multidisciplinari e sostenere il lavoro con gli allenatori, lo staff di supporto e gli atleti.
  • Garantire che l’erogazione del servizio di psicologia soddisfi efficacemente i suoi impegni nei confronti di atleti, allenatori e organi direttivi nazionali, compresi gli obiettivi di allenamento appropriati.
  • Mantenere un database completo e indicizzato del lavoro svolto con atleti e allenatori.
  • Partecipare, contribuire e fornire relazioni periodiche alle riunioni appropriate associate al programma e alle principali parti interessate, compresi altri colleghi dell’EIS e il personale dell’NGB.
  • Contribuire allo sviluppo delle conoscenze, all’aggregazione e alla condivisione all’interno dell’organizzazione per sostenere lo sviluppo di servizi psicologici di livello mondiale e del sistema di alta prestazione #CollectiveBrilliance.

Questa descrizione del lavoro non è da considerarsi esclusiva o esaustiva. E’ da intendersi come un’indicazione di massima delle aree di attività e sarà modificata alla luce delle mutevoli esigenze dell’organizzazione.