Monthly Archive for June, 2025

Optimism about the spread of sports in Italy is hardly justified

How can we be satisfied—as representatives of Italian sport today—that in about 30 years, the number of people engaging in physical and sports activities, either regularly or occasionally, has increased by just 10%?

The situation is rather the following:

“At every age and stage of life, engaging in regular physical activity means making a choice in favor of one’s health. But how much physical activity is actually practiced in Italy and the rest of Europe? To answer this question, the editorial team of Dati alla mano—a podcast produced by Istat as part of its efforts to promote statistical literacy—interviewed Laura Iannucci, an Istat researcher and expert in the field.

What are the habits of adults in practicing physical activity in Italy and Europe?

According to the latest European Health Interview Survey (EHIS), referring to 2019, Italy ranks 21st out of 27 countries for the percentage of people who engage in physical activity during their leisure time: only 26.7% engage in aerobic physical activity (exercise involving a slight increase in breathing or heart rate) at least once a week, whereas among the overall European adult population the percentage rises to 44.3%. The data for Italy is even lower when it comes to muscle-strengthening activity (exercise aimed at strengthening the muscular system): only 14.4% of the adult population practices it, compared to 26.3% of the European adult population.”

Musculoskeletal disorders associated with excessive smartphone use: the text neck syndrome

Piruta, J., & Kułak, W. (2025). Physiotherapy in Text Neck Syndrome: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(4), 1386.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders associated with excessive smartphone use represent a significant health issue. Text neck syndrome is one such disorder within that group, increasingly affecting individuals worldwide across various age groups. The phenomenon of text neck may occur in individuals who frequently and for prolonged periods adopt a forward-flexed neck and head position while looking at the screens of mobile electronic devices. Various therapeutic methods are used in the treatment of text neck syndrome. However, there is no consensus on text neck rehabilitation, which poses a challenge for physiotherapists. 

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of text neck, with a particular emphasis on current scientific reports regarding the rehabilitation of text neck syndrome. The scoping review was conducted to determine the physiotherapy methods currently used in the treatment of individuals with text neck, assess their impact on symptom reduction, and identify existing knowledge gaps and limitations in the current literature on the rehabilitation of text neck syndrome. 

Design: A scoping review was conducted on the treatment of text neck syndrome based on electronic databases: PubMed, ResearchGate, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and the Cochrane Library. The databases were searched up to 1 December 2024. The inclusion criteria comprised studies investigating physiotherapy interventions for individuals with text neck, published between 2018 and 2024 and written in English. 

Results: A total of fifteen papers were reviewed, focusing on various methods used in text neck rehabilitation, including postural correction exercises, stabilization exercises, strengthening and stretching exercises, Pilates, PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation), kinesiology taping, Bowen therapy, and manual therapy. Nearly all studies were conducted in the adult population (93%), with the majority of studies taking place in India (60%). 

Conclusions: In summary, all studies suggest that appropriate physiotherapeutic interventions can provide significant benefits, including pain reduction, posture correction, and improved range of motion in the cervical spine. The best outcomes appear to be achieved by combining various therapeutic techniques. However, further high-quality research is needed to strengthen the evidence and offer reliable recommendations for clinical practice. Additionally, there is limited research on physiotherapy for text neck in the pediatric population, presenting a potential area for future studies.

Few teachers and coaches are truly trained to teach critical thinking

Everyone talks about the importance of educating critical thinking and emotional management, but in practice, few teachers or coaches are truly trained, aware, and active in these areas. Here are some reflections on this gap.

In SchoolsA 2021 meta-analysis examined 43 studies (~3,000 teachers from pre-K to 12th grade) on Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) programs in schools. The goal: to improve teacher well-being, reduce stress, and prevent burnout. SEL interventions had a significant impact on: emotional self-regulation and coping strategies, reduction of professional stress and better classroom performance, personal well-being and teacher resilience.

  • Insufficient training – Most teachers receive preparation focused on subject content, not on students’ social-emotional growth.
  • Time pressure and tight curricula – With program requirements, standardized tests, and large class sizes, teachers struggle to carve out space for emotional education.
  • Few practical tools – Even motivated teachers often lack concrete resources to integrate emotional and cognitive development into daily activities.

In Sports - A 2018 meta-analysis of 22 studies (3,431 competitive athletes) found a weak but significant correlation between emotional intelligence (EI) and sports performance. This is notable, since EI is known to be linked to stress management, effective use of psychological skills, and athletic performance.

  • Result-oriented culture – Too many coaches, even at youth level, are still focused on performance rather than personal development.
  • Outdated models – An authoritarian approach is still passed down, where emotions and reflection are seen as weakness or distraction.
  • Exceptions exist – There are coaches (especially in more advanced youth sectors) who use sport as a way to teach self-control, awareness, and cooperation.

16th Sport Psychology World Congress

This Blog Supports

International Society of Sport Psychology 16th World Congress

From December 8 to 12, 2025, the 16th ISSP World Congress will take place,

organized by the Hong Kong Sports Institute (HKSI) and sponsored by the Shine Tak Foundation.

Theme: “60 Years of ISSP: The Global Past, Present, and Future of Science, Practice, and Performance in Sport Psychology.”

Join us for this opportunity to exchange knowledge, innovations, and experiences that will shape the future of Sport Psychology worldwide!

The role of empathy for the coaches

The role of empathy on the part of the coach is central to building an effective and constructive relationship with athletes. However, it is important to clarify that being empathetic does not mean indulging or pleasing, but rather deeply understanding the athlete’s point of view, their emotional states, difficulties, motivations, and even their resistance. Empathy is the ability to “put yourself in someone else’s shoes,” while still maintaining a leadership role.

What empathy means for the coach:

  • Active listening: An empathetic coach knows how to listen without judgment. They understand why an athlete resists a drill or shows a lack of motivation, going beyond appearances.

  • Recognizing needs and emotions: Without giving in to complaints or excuses, the empathetic coach recognizes when a refusal stems from mental fatigue, lack of confidence, insecurity, or fear of failure.

  • Personalizing instruction: Being able to read the athlete allows the coach to adapt how an exercise is introduced, how feedback is given, or how motivation is sparked. The goal is to make the athlete understand that even if the training is difficult or unpleasant, it is essential for reaching their own goals.

  • Supporting without removing responsibility: An empathetic coach does not take responsibility away from the athlete but helps them understand the value of doing even what they don’t like. Empathy builds a bridge between present discomfort and future results, using the athlete’s own goals as motivation.

  • Building trust: An athlete who feels understood is more likely to trust their coach, even when demands are tough. Trust is born from that “I understand you, but I know what you need.”

Empathy in a coach is a key relational skill that allows them to motivate without manipulating, lead without imposing, and correct without discouraging. It’s not about avoiding discomfort or making everything enjoyable, but about making even the unpleasant meaningful, showing athletes the connection between what they do today and who they want to become tomorrow.

Coaching is much more than just a well-organized series of exercises

The culture of work should allow the coach to go beyond conventional actions, avoiding being trapped in habitual mindsets that often lead to passively accepting training principles and their applications. Instead, one must question their own beliefs and remain open-minded to new solutions.

Coaching is not just about teaching a technique or tactic, and for the player, it’s not just about learning—even if what must be learned is complex and its execution requires a high level of mastery. Coaching and training mean using one’s cognitive, emotional, and motor intelligence to teach and learn how to understand and execute what needs to be done in order to achieve performance levels that aim to optimize match performance.

To plan a training program focused on improving athletic performance, it’s essential that the player and coach—and the team as a whole—share the objectives to be achieved through the intended training.

As already explained, in sports, performance refers to the motor behavior produced in response to a task that can be measured, whereas skill refers to the competence required to deliver a performance at a given level.
To improve performance, training must aim to develop within the team the idea of “thinking while moving,” which means always having a guiding idea behind each game action.
This approach can be applied in a basic way for beginners, or in a technically more refined and targeted manner as experience grows.

There is no game action without thought, so learning or training means moving with a mental representation of what one intends to do.

(Source: Alberto Cei, Palla al centro, Bologna: Il Mulino)

Emotions in sports are so relevant

Sports competitions now occupy almost the entire year, making it nearly impossible to take stock of a sports season. Among the many topics that could be discussed to define successes or failures, good or bad seasons, one key aspect is the psychological component of sport—particularly the emotions it stirs in its main actors: the athletes, the coaches (very few of whom are women at the top level), and the support staff.

If we look at what the media are presenting these days, we see the use of words and thoughts that focus almost exclusively on emotions. Inter players are still recovering from the disappointment of the Champions League; at Juventus, there’s a sense of renewed energy; Sinner’s self-control is admired; in tennis, some female players are slipping down the rankings because they no longer feel like making the necessary sacrifices; Antonio Conte led Napoli to win the championship more thanks to his leadership than his tactical ideas; and Sofia Goggia and Federica Brignone are two women who pour their passion into their athletic careers.

The existential dimension dominates the sporting careers of athletes, highlighting the importance of always taking care of oneself, regardless of whether the results are good or bad. The examples mentioned involve top performers who, in theory, should be supported by the best professionals—and yet even at that level, this essential need is often not adequately met.

However, the more serious issue does not concern these top athletes, who can choose whichever professionals they want. The real concern lies with other athletes—young adolescents or those in sports that struggle to have a qualified support team. These individuals face the same psychological challenges but often have to deal with them alone or in environments that are not sensitive to these matters.

Even worse, they may fall prey to unqualified mental coaches or to psychologists who, although trained, do not understand the world of sports and therefore provide inadequate support.

Ten years of “Calcio Insieme”: Principles, goals, and results of the Integrated Football Academy

Ten years after the launch of the Integrated Football Academy, aimed at children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, we would like to share the guiding principles that have informed our work from the very beginning.

Not just doing good, but doing it well
From the outset, our goal as a sports association was not only to offer football as an activity, but also to systematically monitor and document the results achieved. We chose to move beyond the simplistic notion that sport, in itself, is inherently beneficial. Instead, we sought to clearly illustrate which specific motor, athletic, and psychosocial areas are positively impacted through structured practice.

A real football school
We focused on children with autism between the ages of 6 and 12, as early childhood is a critical period for introducing sports. This is when fundamental motor patterns are established and initial experiences of social interaction begin. We also aimed to counteract the high risk of sedentary behavior commonly seen in this population.

Football as a tool for inclusion and social integration
Through regular participation in the Academy’s activities, children were offered a meaningful group experience, sustained throughout the entire sports season, alongside their peers, coaches, and sports psychologists. This experience facilitated, to varying degrees, the acquisition of social norms such as greetings at the beginning and end of training sessions, respect for peers and adults, and the ability to follow structured sessions led by trained professionals.

A multidisciplinary team
From the beginning, we built a team composed of sports professionals with diverse skill sets: football coaches, graduates in Sports Science, and sports psychologists, supported in the field by a speech therapist and a medical doctor. All staff members participated in a 32-hour training course specifically designed and delivered by our team.

Everyone can learn
By combining clinical diagnoses, family insights, and direct observation on the field, we assessed each child’s level of functioning. This allowed us to provide personalized instruction, identifying who needed one-on-one support and who was ready to work in small groups of three children per coach.

Integration with typically developing peers
From the very first year, we organized joint training sessions with children from AS Roma’s football school. Starting in the second year, we also facilitated on-field meetings with the participants’ classmates, further enhancing opportunities for social integration and peer interaction.

Fostering a sense of belonging among families and youth
Another key objective has been to nurture a strong sense of community—not only among the children, but also among their families and the project staff. Over these ten years, we have successfully built a supportive and engaged community that plays an active role in the success of Calcio Insieme.

The intensity and consistency value in tennis

In tennisintensity and consistency are two fundamental qualities for playing a match effectively, and they are closely linked to the player’s mental attitude, especially for young athletes who are still developing technically and emotionally.

This concept of intensity and consistency is not only valid for professional players, but it is equally important for 14-year-olds who have been playing for several years and regularly participate in tournaments.

1. Same principles, different levels

Professionals have trained for years to maintain intensity and consistency, but the underlying mechanisms are the sameeven for players who are still growing. A 14-year-old boy or girl who plays tournaments already has a solid technical base and understands the rhythm of competition. At this point, mental attitude makes the difference, just like it does at the highest level.

2. Training the right mindset from a young age

If a young athlete learns to:

  • step onto the court with intensity,
  • face difficulties without giving up,
  • avoid lapses in concentration,

they are already developing the qualities that will help them at every stage of their sporting career. In essence, learning to play using the right mindset is not something to postpone until adulthood—it must be built now, in every practice and in every match.

3. Youth tournaments are a real testing ground

In youth tournaments, matches are often unpredictable: one set might be won 6-1, and the next lost 1-6. This happens because young players are still learning to manage emotions and maintain focus. Those who begin to understand the importance of mental intensity and consistency in their game gain a real advantage.

4. Personal responsibility and growth

At 14, a tennis player has already played enough matches to know that just “playing well” is not enough to win: it takes presence, fight, and belief in their own game, even during tough moments. This means taking responsibility for one’s attitude and using every match as a chance to grow, not just as a result to achieve.

In conclusion, the qualities of intensity and consistency apply to everyone—from professionals to young players competing in tournaments. Those who start to develop them seriously by the age of 14 are preparing not only to become stronger players, but also to better handle pressure, difficult moments, and long-term progress in their sporting journey.

The Italian football is searching a new scapegoat

In these days of chaos for the Italian national football team, the main commentators have blamed the defeat against Norway, in the World Cup qualifying match, on the poor technical level of the players, while the coach Luciano Spalletti himself expressed regret at not having been able to do his job to the best of his ability.

I do not want to question these explanations, nor those that blame the FIGC and its president.

What I would like to know, instead, is what was done beforehand to build a united team, aware of the difficulties and the tasks that awaited them.

We all know—or at least we all should know—that if a team lacks great individual talent and a well-oiled playing style, it should not give up, but rather be ready to fight for every inch of the pitch, with players ready to step in when a teammate is about to face trouble. In essence, regardless of everything else, never give up an inch. Be tenacious, which means continuing to do what you’ve been doing, even after you’ve done it.

With this in mind, I wonder how the days leading up to the match were spent, how these issues were addressed in training and technical meetings—or whether, as I have often seen happen, only technical-tactical matters were discussed, detached from the human factor. It’s too easy to claim that the available players were just not good enough—what does that even help?

It’s easy to say they didn’t show pride in wearing the Azzurri shirt—but how were they supposed to develop that pride, when they don’t even play for Italian clubs because they’re overlooked in favor of any foreign player, and have grown up under agents more focused on inflating their fees than anything else? Of course, everyone should develop a sense of belonging—which, after all, is one of our fundamental human needs—but who was supposed to teach them that?

Unfortunately, these themes are of no interest—so let them go on finding a new scapegoat each time.