Monthly Archive for August, 2022

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Inspirational quotes

Wilma Rudolph (athletics) – I loved the feeling of freedom in running, the fresh air, the feeling that the only person I was competing with was me.

Sebastian Coe (athletics) – All records are only on loan.

Steve Prefontaine (athletics) – To give anything less than the most is to sacrifice a gift.

Wilma Rudolph (athletics) – My mother taught me early on to believe I could achieve anything. The first was to walk around without bracelets.

Michael Phelps (swimming) . The more you dream, the farther you go.

Abele Bikila (marathon runner) – I run barefoot to better hear what the road whispers to me.

Emil Zatopek (athletics) I almost never laugh because I am not talented enough to toil and laugh at the same time.

Haile Gebrselassie (athletics) –  I keep running because stopping and accepting that a career is over is harder than moving on.

Edwin Moses (athletics) – A running athlete is a moving sculpture.

Dick Fosbury (athletics) –  When you reach the highest level, 90 percent is mental effort, 10 percent is physical.

Haile Gebrselassie (athletics) -  I always listened to my coaches. But before the coaches, I listened to my body.

Who invests in adolescents’ mental training?

In recent years I have received many requests to work with adolescents to prepare them mentally for competitions. This seems to me to be a positive development, as it indicates that in some individual sports there is an awareness of the importance of mental training in youth activity as well. This has happened mainly in relation to certain sports: shooting, golf, tennis, fencing, and sailing; disciplines in which parents necessarily have to invest financially in their children if they want them to have effective competitive and training experiences. Just think of the many competitions in which a young person has to participate each year with a not inconsiderable economic burden on families, rather than the cost of rifle, cartridges, and clay pigeons in shooting or the cost of participating in golf tournaments and training with a good teacher.

It thus becomes evident that when parents perceive the relevance of mental education to sports, the financial investment becomes one of the items of expenditure they have to deal with. I say this because it is very rare for sports organizations to invest in mental coaching in this age group. Mental coaching that when you are 14-17 years old amounts to training the mental approach that is useful to do well. For example, learning at this age to have a positive dialogue with oneself is absolutely easier than when one is an adult, and it mentally educates the boy or girl to know how to encourage himself or herself, to face difficulties with greater serenity, or to correct himself or herself in a positive way and without insulting each other.

I wonder why psychological skills so important in the life of every human being should be taught only in adulthood, and many then don’t even learn it. Could it be that the limitation of young comes from who (managers and coaches) are supposed to be their teachers?

Commitment is the basis of any improvement

Commitment is the basis of any improvement; without commitment none of the three main motivations that characterize human beings could ever be fulfilled. These manifest themselves in the need for stimulation, competence and belonging and play a primary role in sustaining skill development.

Every performance requires some degree of activation that sustains and nurtures personal interest in completing it. Fortunately, simple and repetitive performances can be carried out effectively even with minimal use of personal energy. In contrast, activities involving, accuracy, speed of decision-making, and the guidance of others, to be carried out effectively, require an interest of the person involved that is commensurate with their importance. Therefore, one of the factors that determines in ourselves the perception that we are acting effectively depends on feeling interest and passion in the performance of the activity.

Interest alone would not be sufficient if it were not accompanied by technical and tactical competence. As much as there are always different challenges during a career, the perception of competence is based on the results of past actions. Having successfully coped with new situations allows one to perceive oneself convinced that one has the necessary tools to do well in the next one as well. In fact, every athlete bases this awareness on past results, thinking, “Again, this time, if I train as I did when I got my best results, I will put myself in the optimal condition to express myself to the best of my ability and achieve the desired result.”

There is, therefore, a positive correlation between training performed/competencies manifested in the past/achieved results and current training/belief of feeling ready today/future results.

The third need to be met is that of belonging; in fact, of a person who is no longer included in his or her social environment we are used to say that he or she “has been uprooted from it,” and by this statement we mean to highlight a current condition of greater difficulty and greater social isolation. To achieve ambitious goals one must, on the contrary, feel part of a group that is leading a common effort. We know that profit alone cannot create group cohesion, otherwise billionaire soccer teams would be crystal-clear examples of unity of purpose. It is equally true that taking the best and making them work together is not enough either; a team of only champions is not automatically the champion team. Instead, we need to develop a sense of belonging, to think in terms of We and not just Me. “If We strive together we will succeed” must be the daily message that leading managers must convey through their decisions and actions to their employees.

Balance relevance in over50

Araujo, C. et al. (2022) “Successful 10-second one-legged stance performance predicts survival in middle-aged and older individuals”, British Journal of Sports Medicine, pp. bjsports-2021-105360. 
Objectives Balance quickly diminishes after the mid-50s increasing the risk for falls and other adverse health outcomes. Our aim was to assess whether the ability to complete a 10- s one-legged stance (10-second OLS) is associated with all-cause mortality and whether it adds relevant prognostic information beyond ordinary demographic, anthropometric and clinical data.

Methods Anthropometric, clinical and vital status and 10-s OLS data were assessed in 1702 individuals (68% men) aged 51–75 years between 2008 and 2020. Log-rank and Cox modelling were used to compare survival curves and risk of death according to ability (YES) or inability (NO) to complete the 10-s OLS test.

Results Overall, 20.4% of the individuals were classified as NO. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 7.2% died, with 4.6% (YES) and 17.5% (NO) on the 10-s OLS. Survival curves were worse for NO 10-s OLS (log-rank test=85.6; p<0.001). In an adjusted model incorporating age, sex, body mass index and comorbidities, the HR of all-cause mortality was higher (1.84 (95% CI: 1.23 to 2.78) (p<0.001)) for NO individuals. Adding 10-s OLS to a model containing established risk factors was associated with significantly improved mortality risk prediction as measured by differences in −2 log likelihood and integrated discrimination improvement.

Conclusions Within the limitations of uncontrolled variables such as recent history of falls and physical activity, the ability to successfully complete the 10-s OLS is independently associated with all-cause mortality and adds relevant prognostic information beyond age, sex and several other anthropometric and clinical variables. There is potential benefit to including the 10-s OLS as part of routine physical examination in middle-aged and older adults.

To accept the positive stress

If we start from the premise that “life is a wonderful thing but it could also turn into hell if one is not careful,” then it quickly becomes clear why stress, in turn, can be equally wonderful or fatal. It is the difficult situations that drive people to work hard to overcome them and achieve the results they set out to achieve. Let’s think about the first date with a girl or a guy, how I felt, was he/she quiet, no for sure. Was one thinking will he come or won’t she come, will I be clumsy? It is only by putting yourself in that stressful situation that you were able to experience that feeling of uncertainty and then pleasure.

It is from challenges that the response or positive stress arises. By challenges one should not only mean the extreme ones of Olympic champions or those related to one’s professional accomplishment, both of which require long-term work to acquire and continuously improve skills.

Challenge is also more than that. Even seemingly simple challenges, such as finding time during the week to do something you enjoy (a walk, meeting with friends). In this case, the challenge is to do something you enjoy, for the sake of doing it, to achieve immediate goals, to feel pleasure or to have fun. In this sense, leisure outside of work is one of the best predictors of well-being, and enjoyment positively influences couple relationships and social life, which are also key indices of well-being.

What it’s proposed, then, it’s to develop an active lifestyle, synonymous with a life not only crushed by professional and family duties but in which there is room for activities that promote pleasure and satisfaction. It is an invitation to people to prefer experiences to passivity brought about by comforts (“Why should I go out, toil, when I can be so comfortable on the couch and be on social”), to do rather than to have (“But if I buy myself that electronic devise that makes me lose weight while sitting, why should I go on a diet and go to the gym?”).

These ideas are not new!!! Benjamin Franklin, an 18th-century scientist and politician, argued that teaching a young man to shave and keep his razor sharp would contribute far more to his happiness than giving him 1,000 guineas to squander. Money would have left only remorse. Whereas knowing how to shave frees a man from the barber’s harassment, his sometimes dirty fingers, offensive breaths and unsharp razors.

Modeling or learning by observation

Modeling or learning by observation is one of the most powerful systems for transmitting values, attitudes, and systems of thought and behavior.

(Albert Bandura)

Underlying this statement is the belief that the imagery is worth a thousand words because it presents information more efficiently than is achieved by verbal instructions. In fact, it is obvious to every teacher that providing simple technical instructions of a movement to be learned cannot be the only mode of learning for their students. While a significant contribution lies in direct observation of the action to be performed.

As early as the 1970s, the effects of modeling in people of different ability levels had been highlighted, showing that for less able learners, peer observation was more effective than teacher observation, while the opposite was true for more able youngsters. In summary, modeling is about learning or improving behavior acquisition through imitation of behaviors we have observed.

Regarding children but also young adolescents, at the initial stage of learning movements, it is very useful to communicate the critical aspects of an action through demonstration that will help learners build a mental image that will allow them to start putting it into practice.

Observing an effective execution does not, however, ensure that it has been observed by selecting the essential elements of the demonstration. It is therefore necessary for direct observation to be accompanied by an explanation of what to observe and with what sequencing, and for the observed model to be at least fairly competent in the performance required of him.

The teacher’s interventions should be brief, specific and affirmative. From a psychological perspective, observation of a peer can result in increased self-esteem and self-efficacy, as the observer believes that the level of skill shown can be achieved as well as the observed peer has been able to demonstrate.

The mental imagery

Mental repetition of one’s motor performance not only promotes motor learning but is the main component of mental preparation for its execution.

Therefore, what should be understood by mental repetition or imagery. As evidence of how this is a well-established theme in the field of sport psychology, a definition is proposed that, although now 40 years old, continues to be effective in its clarity.

In fact, the best description was provided by Richardson in 1969, who identifies imagery in terms of the quasi-sensory and quasi-perceptual experience of which the athlete is aware and which exists in the absence of the stimulus conditions that actually trigger those sensory and perceptual reactions that are specific to that sport action. This definition of imagery allows us to highlight the three aspects that characterize it:

  1. The competence in feeling the sensations and experiencing the perceptions that are typical of the actual motor or sports action but which, in this case, are activated only through a mental process.
  2. The awareness of the individual who is performing this mental activity as well as the results it produces.
  3. The non-necessity of the antecedents and environmental context that determine sports performance.

Moreover, mental repetition has been a popular mental training technique for athletes for many years already. As early as 1988 Orlick and Partington reported that 99 percent of Canadian athletes who participated in the Olympics made use of it, as did Murphy (1994) highlighting similar percentages referring to athletes attending the US Olympic Training Centre. Techniques for performing mental imagery exercises are widely described in mental training texts and are based on the concept that repetition should occur as if one were actually performing.

Mental repetition can be extremely useful with children because they are readily available to make use of their imagination. Children continually make use of this cognitive process when engaged in games that require creativity and imagination. In this sense, mental repetition is an integral part of the mental processes that enable learning, memorization, planning and performance in school tests as well as in cognitive-motor tests. Mental repetition should be used by teachers to help young people derive pleasure from activities and to teach how to increase concentration, confidence and effective control while performing their actions.

Imagery can be:

Direct - Consists of the exact mental repetition of a skill as if one were performing it at that moment. In this way, the child repeats a jump, a catch of the ball, a run or a shot moments before performing this action as if he or she were performing it at that exact moment.

Indirect - Consists of mental repetition of images that are related to the actions to be performed. For example, if the goal is “to move as light as a feather,” one might imagine a feather moving through the air. Or one might imagine running like a cheetah if the purpose is to move as quickly as possible.

Who will win the Serie A championship?

The predictions of which teams will fight for the Scudetto have begun,. These are evaluations based on the characteristics of the players, the coach’s preferred game and the playing patterns but little is said about the mentality of the players and the role of the club. Dealing with these issues in an integrated way could, instead, provide fans with more information about how their team and key opponents might actually play. One could predict how the team will react in the face of emotionally intense situations, such as conceding a decisive goal in the last minutes of a game, know which players will react best to unexpected situations, and what the repercussions on the team will be of the Club’s decisions to problems that arise.

In fact, the mentality of a team is composed of these different factors, which then include not only what happens during the match but also, for example, the organizational quality of the soccer club. The better the efficiency and effectiveness of the organizational quality, the more likely the team will be to play with a winning mentality. Public image also plays a relevant role, think of Juventus that has had the same ownership for 100 years, Milan that has been the team considered the strongest of all time, the achievements of Napoli through the Maradona epic. These two elements are conducive to building a winning team.

There are others that are more obvious to everyone, which concern the team’s goals, the standards of play and the technical-tactical quality of the team in dealing with the different phases, including emotional ones, of the game. In turn, these aspects determine collective effectiveness, expressed through performances that are superior to those that each could provide individually. Finally, a further component of performance concerns the leadership style of the coach, his role in guiding technical and tactical guidance and supporting the motivation of the players.

Analyzing these aspects could thus lead to more precise analyses and not just based on the teams’ history and recent results.

Elderly well-being: optimism and perceiving oneself younger

Daphna Magda Kalira, Amit Shrirab, Aya Ben-Eliezerd, Noemi Heymane, Inna Shugaevd, and Oleg Zaslavskyh. Feeling Younger, Rehabilitating Better: Reciprocal and Mediating Effects between Subjective Age and Functional Independence in Osteoporotic Fracture and Stroke Patients, Gerontology, Published online: May 25, 2022

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The current study aimed to find reciprocal effects between subjective age and functional independence during rehabilitation from osteoporotic fractures and stroke and whether these effects can be mediated by indicators of well-being. Methods:Participants were 194 older adults (mean age = 78.32 years, SD = 7.37; 64.8% women) who were hospitalized following an osteoporotic fracture or stroke. Participants completed measures of subjective age and well-being (i.e., optimism, self-esteem, and life satisfaction) several times during rehabilitation. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was completed by nursing personnel at admission and at discharge. Results:Younger subjective age at admission predicted higher FIM scores at discharge. The reverse effect, that is, of FIM scores at admission on subjective age at discharge, was nonsignificant. Optimism during hospitalization mediated the effect of subjective age on subsequent FIM scores while self-esteem and life satisfaction did not. Sensitivity analyses further showed that the effect of subjective age on FIM was significant for both fracture and stroke patients. Discussion: The findings highlight the effect of subjective age on rehabilitation outcomes among osteoporotic fractures and stroke patients and suggest several potential mechanisms behind this effect. Rehabilitation outcomes following osteoporotic fractures or strokes could improve if subjective age and an optimistic outlook are taken into consideration.

In summary: an optimistic mindset and perceiving oneself as younger are predictors of better recovery after fractures and strokes in older people.

SportdelSud: The head in the ball

For the past few months I have been collaborating on SportdelSud a new online sports newspaper, with a column entitled “The Head in the Ball.”

It is an innovative editorial reality created by a group of young people who have been able to take up the challenge of putting themselves at the head of an entrepreneurial project in the communication sector.

Accompanying and supporting them along the way since its inception are great names in Italian journalism such as Darwin Pastorin, Roberto Beccantini, Fabio Monti, and Luciano Scateni, masters of sports literature such as Luigi Guelpa, and historical figures from the world of sports, while the corporate and managerial mentoring is entrusted to the experience of Vincenzo Imperatore’s Imperatore Consulting.

The goal of SportdelSud is to give readers back a space in which to confront each other, through original information that fights single-minded and homogenized thinking and acts as a glue between the sports people and the media world, setting itself as an antithesis to today’s media trend of clickbaiting and fake news. SportdelSud is, also, the voice of readers and fans, those who very often express through social networks the most interesting, “different,” politically uncorrect, frequently funny, sarcastic analyses.

A participatory newspaper, to which readers can send offline their reflections that will be turned into articles and published after approval by “moderators.”

The newspaper is growing so fast that in July it reached 54,753 visits and nearly 400,000 total visits, a record for the newspaper. It has been online for less than a year and is about to break the 60,000 visits per month mark!